How Long Do Greek Tortoises Live? Vet-Reviewed Average Lifespan, Data & Care
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Greek tortoise, also known as spur-thighed tortoises, are popular exotic pets, perhaps best known for their rather manageable weight (for a tortoise). With proper care, these fascinating creatures can live for several decades, making them a long-term commitment for reptile enthusiasts. In this care guide, we’ll explore the average lifespan of Greek tortoises (which is often around 80-100 years in captivity), their longevity in the wild, and how to ensure they thrive in captivity.
Greek Tortoise Average Lifespan
The average lifespan of a Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca) is around 80-100 years, with one confirmed individual being 127 years old. Anecdotal claims of individuals reaching 200 years exist; however, these claims haven’t been proven. Their lifespan can be significantly impacted by factors such as diet, environment, and overall health care.
Though the longevity of these animals might seem intriguing, it poses a dilemma for their caregivers. A healthy, well-cared-for tortoise can easily outlive their human caregivers and, therefore, it is important to consider your pet’s future at some point. It also presents an ethical dilemma of housing them as a pet, as future caregivers might not be able to properly care for a pet.
How Long Do Greek Tortoises Live in the Wild?
In the wild, Greek tortoises may face various challenges, such as predation, habitat loss, and capture by humans. As a result, their lifespan in the wild is generally assumed to be shorter than in captivity; however, there are no confirmed estimates of their age in the wild.
The species is also listed as vulnerable under the IUCN list of threatened species and suffers from illegal pet trade captures. Human activities are implicated in causing their decline in the wild, and therefore, it isn’t possible to ascertain their average lifespan properly.
Why Do Some Greek Tortoises Live Longer Than Others?
The Greek tortoise is illegal to own in many countries, including countries where it is native to (such as Spain or Morocco). Many wild caught tortoises are often not properly housed when sold, and therefore, the mortality rate of these tortoises in captivity is unfortunately very high.
Ensure it is legal to own a Greek tortoise where you reside before deciding to adopt one. You should not adopt a wild caught animal, as catching wild animals is unethical and leads to the disruption of natural ecosystems. Likewise, pets should not be released in the wild, as they can spread diseases to native animals in the ecosystem and decimate their populations.
The following information is for informative purposes only. At Hepper, we do not encourage the adoption of vulnerable species.
1. Feeding & Diet
Greek tortoises are herbivores, which means they primarily feed on plant-based foods. In the wild, they naturally graze on a wide range of leafy greens, grasses, and edible flowers. Providing a diet that closely mimics their natural food sources is crucial for their overall health and well-being.
A balanced diet is essential for Greek tortoises, focusing on high-fiber and low-protein food items. Supplying the right balance of nutrients supports their digestive system, growth, and overall health, while also reducing the risk of health issues related to improper nutrition.
Some suitable food items for Greek tortoises include dandelion greens, endive, escarole, and hibiscus flowers. These types of foods are nutrient-rich and help maintain the tortoise’s health. Offering a variety of food items ensures they receive a well-rounded diet and prevents boredom from eating the same foods repeatedly.
Although it might be tempting to offer fruits as treats, they can cause digestive issues in Greek tortoises and should be avoided. Their digestive systems are not equipped to handle the sugar and/or citric acid content found in fruits, which can lead to imbalances and potential health problems.
2. Cleaning
Maintaining a clean and healthy environment for a Greek tortoise involves removing waste and uneaten food daily. This prevents the buildup of harmful bacteria and can help ensure a sanitary living space for a pet tortoise.
The substrate in a Greek tortoise’s enclosure is usually replaced every 1–2 months to maintain cleanliness and prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms.
It’s also important to regularly sanitize the enclosure and its contents in order to maintain a healthy environment. Tortoise keepers often use a reptile-safe cleaner to sanitize the enclosure.
3. Environment
To replicate their natural habitat, reptile keepers create an appropriate environment for their Greek tortoise. Their preferred optimal temperature zone (POTZ) is 20 – 28 °C (68 – 82.4 °F), and their humidity requirement is 30 – 50%.
A basking area is essential for Greek tortoises’ thermoregulation and overall well-being. A basking area should typically be 5°C (9 °F) higher than their POTZ.
UVB lighting is crucial for Greek tortoises’ health. It enables them to synthesize vitamin D3 and properly absorb calcium, helping to maintain strong bones and a healthy shell. This species undergoes brumation (a state similar to hibernation in mammals) during the winter, and in captivity, healthy adults should be encouraged to brumate over the course of the winter months.
Greek tortoises require a warm, dry, and well-ventilated enclosure containing a suitable substrate. The substrate should be able to retain some moisture without becoming too damp. This will allow for proper humidity levels within the enclosure.
It’s essential to provide hiding spots and climbing opportunities for a Greek tortoise in the form of rocks, logs, or caves. These features offer enrichment and help replicate their natural environment, which reduces stress and promotes natural behaviors.
4. Healthcare
Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for a Greek tortoise’s health and to address any potential issues early on. Establishing a relationship with a veterinarian that is experienced in reptile care will ensure that your tortoise receives the best possible healthcare.
Watch for signs of illness in your Greek tortoise, such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or nasal discharge. Early detection and intervention can make a big difference in the outcome of any health issue.
The Life Stages of a Greek Tortoise
Once a tortoise hatches, it goes through three life stages: hatchling, juvenile, and adult. Tortoises are considered hatchlings for a brief period after they’ve hatched. Considering their long lifespan, tortoises can be considered juveniles for several years, usually around 12 years, and then they are considered to be adults (the hallmark of an adult being that they are sexually mature and capable of breeding). The average time to sexual maturity is around 4,560 days.
How to Tell a Greek Tortoise’s Age
Without proper record keeping, it can be difficult to determine a Greek tortoise’s exact age. A vet may be able to help you age a Greek tortoise, but this will likely only be their best estimate by examining a tortoise’s physical characteristics such as their size and the condition of their shell.
Conclusion
Greek tortoises are remarkable creatures that can live for several decades when given proper care and attention. By providing a well-balanced diet, suitable environment, and regular health care, caretakers can ensure their Greek tortoise thrives and enjoys a long, healthy life.
- Related Read: Types of Tortoises That Make Great Pets (With Pictures)
Featured Image Credit: Erni, Shutterstock
